Brickmaking machinery



Dec. 9, 1924. 1,518,641

L. N. DYHRBERIG BRI CKMAKING MACHINERY Filed July 15, 1921 3.5Sheets-ShEet 1 Dec. 9, 1924- 1,518,641

| N. DYHRBERG BRI CKMAKI NG MACHINERY Filed July 15, 1921 15 Sheets-Shetra /M2,

Dec. 9, 1924- L. N. DYHRBERG BRICKMAKING MACHINERY Filed July 15, 192115 sheets-sh eb 5 In Hen/21v L, Dy/IFbE/g Dec. 9, 1924. 1518541 L. N.DYHRBERG BRI CKMAKING MACHINERY Firrleqixluly 15 1921 15 Sheets-Sheet 4MMJM Dec. 9 a 1 L. N. DYHRBERG BR-ICKMAKING MACHINERY Filed July 15,1921 g a s7 5% 15 Sheefcs-Sht 6 1 III FIEL 1U Inue/r/br A, bl hrber WY wDec. 9, 1924.

L. N. DYHRBERG BRICKMAKING MACHINERY Filed July 15, 1921 15 Sheets-Sheet7 Dec. 9, 1924, 1,518,641

' L. N. DYHRBERG BRI CKMAKING MACHINERY Filed July-l5, 1921 15Sheets-Sheet- 8 FIELJL L. N. DYHRBERG BRICKMAKING MACHINERY Filed July15, 1921 15 Sheets-Sheet 9 Inuenlor LMDyllrberg WQLM Dec. 9, 241,518,641

L. N. DYHRBERG BRI GKMAKING MACHINERY Filed July 15, 1921, 15Sheets-Sheet 10 In uehhr L/Y. Dybrer;

15 Sheets-Sheet 1] FIEQ 7,4

in yen for L. 11/. fl brber vlw Dec. 97 L. N. DYHRBERG BRICKMAKINGMACHINERY Filed July 1921 .F'IEL 25' L. N. DYHRBERG BRI CKMAKI NGMACHINERY Filed July 15, 1921 15 Shets-Sheet 12 32 Far FIE. L'll Hm :tssm fivenior' Dec. 9

L. N. DYHRBERG BRICKMAKING MACHINERY Filed July 15, 1921 15 Sheets-Sht15 In van for I LMUg/Afhk y WWI/MW Patented Dec. 9, 1924.

UNTTEQ STATES LAURITZ NEILSEN DYHRBERG, OF ASHBURTON, NEVT ZEALAND.

BRICKIVIAKING MACHINERY.

Appflication filed July 15,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, LAURITZ NmLsnN Drrmennc, a citizen of the Dominionof New Zealand, and a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland,residing at 17 lVinters Road, Allenton, Ashburton, in the ProvincialDistrict of Canterbury, declare that I have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Brickmaking Machinery, of

.- which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to brickmaking machinery, and while its generalobject is the provision of improved means whereby bricks can be producedmore quickly and in a better manner than heretofore, its special objectis to provide for the stacking and dealing' with cut bricks in bulk soas to eliminate individual handling and cut down the employment of handlabour to a minimum whereby not only is the cost of production reducedconsiderably, but the output is en abled to be dealt with in such amanner that production can be carried on continuously and expeditiously.

Machinery in general use for making bricks comprises three principalparts, namely a pug mill, a lubricated rectangular die or mould, and acutting table.

In the manufacture of clay bricks by the wire cut process theimprovements are carried out as follows.

"he rectangular die can be secured to the pug mill mouth with itsgreatest cross sectional dimension either horizontally disposed, as isusually the case, or vertically for the purpose of causing the claycolumn to issue on edge, so that when the bricks are out, they will beformed on end. This latter position provides special facilities for themechanical stacking and handling of bricks and is an important factor inthe elimination of hand labour, as will be hereinafter more particularlypointed out.

The clay column, on issuing from the die has its lower surfacelubricated, and one vertical side sanded, as it slides along a lixed orstationary stand, on to a travelling cutting table which is of such alength that when in the loading position, it is partly telescopedbeneath, or covered by the stationary stand.

When the end of the clay column reaches the farthest end of the cuttingtable, it opcrates mechanism, which releases a lock, whereupon thecutting table commences to move away from the pug mill under the 1921.Serial No. 485,008.

pressure of and at the same speed as the issuing clay column.

When the cutting table is travelling under the pressure of the issuingclay column, a cutter carried on said table operates and severs from thecolumn a length of clay exactly equal to a predetermined number ofbricks.

Shortly after the length of clay has been severed from the issuing claycolumn, a clutch is put into gear whereupon the cutting table is speededup and caused to convey the severed length of clay at a greater speedthan that at which the clay column advances, to a delivery position whenon coming to a standstill, a plunger on the cutting table is broughtinto use and forces the severed length of clay through the wires of thecutting table.

Each row of bricks as the latter come from between the cutting wires isdelivered directly on to a tilting delivery table. The table is madelarge enough to accommodate a predetermined number of rows of bricks, inorde that the latter can be transported in bulk and not in individualrows.

If the clay column is on edge then each severed length of clay is cutinto a row of bricks on end, and the latter are pushed while on end,onto the tilting delivery table.

The plunger is then returned and during the latter movement re-sets thecutter used for severing lengths of clay from the oncoming column.

The return of the cutting table to its loading position at thestationary stand end of its run, follows, and another length of clay issevered from the clay colummbrought to the delivery position and cutinto a row of bricks by being forced through the cutting wires.

As each row of bricks is pushed by the plunger on to the delivery tablethe preceding row or rows are moved further on to said table. Thiscontinues until the table is filled with rows of bricks.

The delivery table is pivotally mounted so that its outer edge can beswung downwards if desired and the load of bricks transferred on to abarrow or other conveyor for transport.

Means are provided on the delivery table whereby an off bearing boardcan be placed in position to take the full table load of bricks when thetable is tilted.

When the tilting delivery table is used to receive bricks on end,mechanism isprovided whereby the table can be given side -movement aftereach row of bricks is placed thereon. This is for the purpose of causingthe joints between the bricks of a row to be crossed by the bricks ofthe rows at each side, for the purpose of giving stability to the stackor load.

Also when dealing with bricks on. end means are provided on thedeliverytable receiving the rows of bricks from" the cuttingtable,forspreading'the bricks, inv order to allow for the passage of airbetween-them; These means comprise spreader pla-tesht- Iel'alarrangement of the machine, and

I plan view of same-and The invention will now be described in --detailwith reference to the accompanying drawings wherein F lgure 1 is a planview showing the gen- F :0 Figure 2 is an elevation thereof. ,F1'gure:3:1s a-deta1l view 111 sectional elevation of the die whlle F lgure 4 1sa part sectional plan and part:

Figure 5 is I an elevation of: the- :double hinge used for mounting thedie ini the-pug ted 011 the surface of the table, or barrow,

at right angles to the line of travel of "the mill.

4 side motion-to the. delivery table.

Figure 7 I is an elevation of the sanding IIlQGhfinlSHl and Figure- 81s. a. sectionalview. thereof taken stringing: of the cutting; wires forFigure is; an. elevation illustratii ingn apparatus.

given side movement afterit receives eachrow of bricks from the cutting;Wires in order to cross the joints as before mentioned, then the rows ofbricks at right angles to the travel of the cutting table areZi-gzagged.

The spreader plates are so; fitted j and connected that whether the rowsof-bricks at right angles to the travel of thB-CltyC0lU1Dnand: cuttingtable bestra-ight or; zigzage tedthey, the plates, can be operatedtocause said rows to be; opened or moved apart a sufiicientgdistance topermit of the passage of air between the bricks.-

iFa-gure" 10 is; 1' an elevation, {illustrating the arrangement cuttingwires wfOl arch-brick cutting.

Figuredl is a plan view-ofthe wires cleaner operating; mechanism Figure12 is a part plan viewof the bar towhichthe, lower ends of-the cuttingwires area. attached.

Figures: 13a1and l iqiare 1a: Sectional eleva- W1 tion and part planview ,respectivelyaof means;foritakingithe strain, of the. cutting Wir swhe sadins ingwsameing a and; operat lVhen the rows of bricks at.rightangles to f the cutting table are-left straightythe' delivery tableis given side movement-only before the last row of-brickspasses-fromthecutting wires ontothe table. "This causes the bricks of the last rowtocross'the joints between the bricks of the preceding row and act as atie when the bricks-are brought onto the fiaton thetable being tilted totransfer its loadon to a barrow or a truck, and when the load is beingdeposited in a vertical position onthe-ground vb} u pending a barrow.

Provision is also made for ClB-ELIIlHg: the cutting wires after eachandievery cutting of bricks; for adjusting the cutting wires to cut archbricks, in which casea. specially constructed plunger is required;.fornlocking the travelling cutting: table-at eachend Figure 15 is anelevation and aEi-gurelGiana viewsh w ng. h un 1 ionoon the-buttingtable of her-baruoutteniandni es- Eigure 1,6Tis a detail view.iof-thebar: cutropera ing means.

Figure; 17 is a :vertical crosssectional uview; of the cuttingi table.

F igu-re5l8is1a detailviewofa connection thereon.

jFi-gure 1-9 is-aperspective view of the push; rod; connected to; thecutting- .table and the mounting of a trip rod for controllingthejclutjch-actuating said rod.

SltlQllS-yQf the cutting table pushi rodwith Elockrng device thereon andcrank connected of its run; for holding each severed length;

ofclay firmly 0n the cutting tablexduning the latters travel, and whenstopping and starting same; and also for mountingwand lubricating thedie.

to.sa i;d;rod. ,when the tableis atthestationary;;pla-tfor1n-endg of itsrun.

igaire 23 is-ia details view of, the. locking device: when the cuttingtable is in. t11e,,po-

sition indicated and the crank rod. andpush rod are as shown in thepreceding figure.

Figure 24: shows the positions of the crank and push rod with lockingdevice thereon when the cutting table is at the delivery table end ofits run.

Figure 25 is a detail view of the locking device as it appears when theparts enumerated in Figure 2e are in the positions indicated.

Figure 26 is a part front elevation and Figure 27 a part plan vie v ofan alternative construction of plunger operating on the cutting tableand adapted for either arch or rectangular brick cutting.

Figure 28 is an end view of the plunger as shown in Figures 26, 27.

Figures 29, 30 show details of parts used in Figures 26, 27, 28.

Figures 31 and 32 ar a side view and an end view respecti 'ely of theclutch and gear "for actuating the plunger on the cutting table.

Figures 83, 34c and 35 are a vertical cross section, a plan and a s'deview respectively of the delivery and stacking table.

Figure is a perspective view of the inverted end of one of the spreaderplates, used on the delivery table.

Figures 37 and 38 are a side elevation and front view respectively ofthe off bearing barrow.

Figure 39 illustrates in perspective an bearing board.

Figures 4-0, 4-1 illustrate alternative methods of sta ring bricks asperformed lay the machine.

Figures 42 and 43 are a sectional elevation and plan view respectivelyof shock absorbing means, for use on the rod operating the cuttingtable.

Figure id is a cross sectional view oi a truck and railed track showingspecial itacilities for setting down and picking up a load.

Figure 45 is an elevation showing a truck v at a special unloading andloading platform.

Figure L6 is a sectional plan showing the stop bars on the cutting tableand Figures 4:? and d8 are a plan view and cross sectional viewrespectively of the er:- tension of the cutting table showing wallsthereon.

The die (Figures 3 and 1-) comprises a tapered casing or cover 1, atapered series oi inner separate rectangular frames 2, and a mouthpiece3 making contact with the outer oi the frames 2, and secured to thecasing or cover 1.

The frames 2 are formed with bevelled overlapping edges 2 and are heldtogether by upper and lower bars 4 through which screws 4P enter saidframes.

The overlapping edges of the frames 52 do not fully cover the overlappededges, but are cut off abruptly as shown, in order to provide grooves 2around the outside of the tapered series of frames 2 to lead lubricat:ing fluid to between the latter.

The frames 2 that they may be inserted or withdrawn from the casing orcover 1 together and also so that they will be kept in direct line witheach other and the mouthpiece 3.

The mouthpiece 3 is bevelled on its inner side, to fit against thebevelled edge of the outer of the frames 2, and also has a flange 4:",through which it is secured to the flange 1 at the smaller or outer endof the casing or cover 1.

The casing or cover 1 is greater in width and height than the series offrames 2, so as to provide a space 6 for the reception of lubricatingfluid all around said frames 2 except where tne bars are titted. Also atits inner or larger end it e casing or cover 1 projects beyond theplates 2, and makes contact with the mouth oi the pug mill 7 leavingspace 8 between the latter and the inner or large end of the series offrames 2.

An internal flange or rih 6* on the casing or cover 1 near the large endof the latter s keeps the inner end of the series of frames 2 centrallywi hin the casing or cover 1.

The die is 'fited to the mouth of the pug mill with its greatest crosssectional dimension either vertical or horizontal accordi to whether itis desired that the clay co amn shall issue on edge or on the flat.

'llhe mounting of the die in position is el'l'ected by the carrier frame9 (Figure 5) which is hinged at 10 to the pug mill 7 and at 11 to thecasing or cover 1 near the outer or small end thereof.

By these means the die can be swung horizontally to or from the mouth ofthe pug mill 7 in a line parallel with the month of the latter, so as toeconomize space and also allow the die to seat the tour edges at itslarger end simultaneously and squarely against the face plate of themill 7 thereby facilitating the putting on or the removal of the dielesides ensuring pcrier't align nfient with the mill mouth.

The means for clamping the die to the pug mill '3' comprise unper andlower bolts 7 hinged to the latter and adapted to pass into slotted lugs12 on the large and small ends oi the casing or cover 1. Nuts 7 screwedon t ie threaded ends of the bolts 7 ensure the die being securely heldon the pug mill 7.

The object in providing the space 8 between the inner or large end ofthe series of "frames 2 and the pug mill 7 is to provide for theprevention of the hack escape of lubricating fluid from the space 6, asthe clay in passing through the die flows into the space 8 andeffectively seals the rear joint hetween the casing or cover 1 and therear tr inc 2. The front joint between the flanges 1 d being made tightthe only are oined together, in order escape for the lubricating fluidis through the joints between the frames 2 has the effect of lubricatingthe interior of the die.

In Figures 1, 3 and a ot' the drawing the die is shown fitted to the pugmill with its greatest cross; sectional dimension vertical, for thepurpose of causing the column of clay to issue on edge.

The result of the clay column being on edge is that three valuableimprovements in the production o1 wire cut bricks are enabled' to becarried out. The first of these improvements is the ability to stackbricks in bulk without individual handling as the bricks when out can bedelivered on end in any desired number ct rows on to a tilting table,which when tilted or tipped from the horizontal to the vertical convertsits load into a stack of bricks: on tne flat, which stack can bedeposited. on a barrow or a truck for transport where required, or saidbricks can be delivered on end in any desired number rows either directon to a barrow, or over a stand, or the aforesaid delivery table, on tothe barrow, which in being tilted or tipped to deposit its load convertsthe latter into a stack of bricks: on the flat.

The second improvement lies in the :tacil ity with which arch bricks canbe out upon the same machine, the clay column on edge lending itselfreadily to this improvement.

The third improvement is the cutting of bricks with firmer and sharperedges than is usually obtained when using stationary cutting wires, asby cutting bricks on end or vertically, not only is the actual cuttingperformed more quickly than hitherto, but the long edges of the brickson one side when the cut isb'eing made are forced inwards, while thelong edges at the other side are protected or kept from tearing by thepressure of the plunger. The edges of the cuts at the heads of thebricks, or at the upper edge of the clay column are also protected, bybeing formed prior to the actual cut-ting by the downward entrance orbiting into the clay column of knives prior to the severed length ofclay being brought opposite the punger, said knives remaining in thecuts While the clay is forced through the cutting wires.

When the die is used with its greatest cross sectional dimensionsvertically disposed as shown in the drawings, it is also possible toprovide the casing or cover 1, with two series of lubricated interiorframes 2, side by side, and a double mouth piece, so that two columns ofclay will issue simultaneously and side by side.

The upright die position lends itself readily to the improvement, as thetwo clay columns, would be very little wider, and very little more spaceis required than is necessary with a single column of clay issuing onthe'flat. Two columns on edge and close together measure nearly the sameacross, as one column on the flat.

Otherwise the machine operates practically the same, as when a singleclay column only is issuing except that two rows of bricks would be cutand-delivered at each operation of the plunger on to the cutting tableresulting in a considerable increase in the output. of the machine.

Situated just outside the die mouth is a statioiiarystand 13 the uppersurface of which is on a level with orsl'ig-htly belowthe bottom edge ofthedie mouth (Figures 1 and 6).

The stand 13 extendsin the directionot travel of the clay column as thelatter issues from the die and is necessary for the practical working ofthe mechanically controlled travelling cutting table 22 as if it werenot for this stand erected in combination with the cutting table a gapwould be left between the die and said table, when the latter moves tothe delivery position, thereby rendering the working of the machine asoutlined herein impracticable.

In order to facilitate the passage of the clay column along the stand 13and ou to and along the cutting table 22 to be hereinafter described,provision is made for lubricating the clay column. This is done bybridging the gap between the die and the stand 13 with a holder or tray14- w'th upturned side edges, said holder or tray 14. receiving oil orother lubricating fluid from an over head container 15 from which thefluid permitted to drip throu h spout and tap ltyat "such a rate thatthere is always sullicient fluid in the holder of ti 1%, to ensure thebottom edge of the clay column being given a thin film 0t oil or thelike, as it passes from the die on. to the stand 13.

Also as later on in the process 01"" forming the bricks a plungercarried and opera :ng on the cutting table 22 comes in contact with oneof the vertical sides of the clay co it is necessary that said sideshould be v so that there will be no possibility otthe clay adhering tothe plunger and also s that the rows of bricks when stacl-sed, will notstick together.

The tendency to stick is not serious if oil be used as the dielubricant, but if water or steam is used the tendency to stick, or disfigurein'ent arising from this cause, can only be prevented by sandingor drying the 'srrface or surfaces which come in contact with theplunger and with each other.

Owing to the fact that the side or surfz ico of the column which it isnecessary to sand or dry is vertically disposed it obvious thatspreading or throwing sand in theordinary way will not sutE-cc, and thatspecial means for carrying out the sanding therefore required.

The sanding mechanism (Figures 1, 6, 7 and 8) is constructed andoperated as follows A flat plate 17 is fitted vertically to the rearedge of the stand 13 near the die end thereof so as to be on the sameside of the clay column as the plunger 29 and parallel with the line oftravel of the advancing clay column, and in such a position that therear vertical side of the latter will rub against it, as the columnslides along the stand 18.

About midway in the plate 17 is a vertical slot, 18 extending from nearthe top to near the bottom of said plate.

At the rear of the plate 17 the slot 18 is covered by a casing 18 Ushaped in cross section. Housed in the casing 18 is a tube 19 containinga vertical slot 19. The slotted tube 19 extends above the casing 18 andis fitted with a handle 20 at its upper end, and is connected with theoutlet of an overhead sand hopper 21.

By operating the handle 20 the tube 19 can be turned within the casing18 to cause the slot 19 in the tube 19 to register with the slot 18 inthe plate 17, or so that said tube 19 will close the slot 18.

The tube 19 fills with sand from the hopper 21, and by causing the slot19 to register with the slot 18 an even fiow of sand through the latterslot occurs, causing the vertical side of the clay column presented toor in grazing contact with the plate 17 to be given an even coating orfilm of sand throughout its full height. Also by adjusting the slots 18,19 in relation to each other the escape or flow of sand can be regulatedat will.

If two clay columns be issuing from the die, then provision must be madewhen necessary for sanding both columns, this however means merelyduplicating the sand delivering means.

If oil is used as the die lubricant then the double sand feed is notnecessary as the bricks of the first row will not stick to the bricks ofthe second row when dry, and sanding of the side of the column whichcomes in contact with the plunger is all that is required. When water isused both clay columns must be sanded or oiled as the raw moist surfaceswould inevitably stick together.

The cutting table 22 (Figures 1, 2, 9, 10, 15, 16 and 17) is of thetravelling type and runs in the line of travel of the column of clayissuing from the pug mill 7, from the stationary stand 13. to a positiondirectly opposite the delivery table 23. to be hereinafter described,and vice versa (Figure 1),

The severing of a length of clay from the clay column, and the removalof the severed portion to a position in advance of or ahead of theoncoming clay column, is a neces sary feature of this invention, as bydoing this a clear space is obtained between the severed ends, wherebythe severed length of clay can be cut into bricks and the latterdelivered on to the tilting table, a barrow or a truck, and brought intoposition for stacking, without interfering in any way with the oncomingclay column.

The table 22 is slightly lower than the surface of the platform 13, andis of such a length, that when in position to receive a portion of theclay column, it is partly telescoped under or covered by the platform1.33. this extra length being provided in order that when said table 22is at the other end oi its run or in its delivery position, there willbe no gap left between the stationary plat form 13 and the table 22.

The portion of the table 22 which telcscopes or slides below theplatform 13, has at each side a vertical wall 13 the wall on the sandingmechanism side of the clay column path extending further towards the pugmill than the other wall while both walls are flared outwards at theirends near est the pug mill (Figures 1, 47 and 48).

These walls are attached to the upper framework 27 of the cutting table22 and are raised sufficiently to ride over the stationary platform 13,when the table 22 dives or telescopes below the latter.

The function of the walls 13 is to form a lane or guide for the straightpassage of the clay column on its way along the cutting table.

Mounted on the cutting table 22 is the vertical framework 27 located onthe delivery table side of the line of travel of the clay column(Figures 1 and 2) and to said framework 27 are attached hangers 24provided with wheels 2 1 which run on an overhead track 25 supported bycolumns 26. If desired the cutting table can be mounted on wheels, whichrun on an underneath track, or both overhead and underneath tracks canbe employed.

The framework 27 has strung thereon a row of vertical cutting wires 28arranged in a row parallel with the line of travel of the clay columnand just clear of the front vertical face of the clay column (Figure15). Also on the cutting table 22 but on the opposite side of the lineof travel of the clay column and directly opposite the row of wires 28is a plunger 29 (Figures 1, 2, 15, 16, 17) which operates horizontallyon the table surface lever with and at right angles to the clay columnand when stationary just clears the rear face of the clay col-- umn.This necessitates the extension of the table 22 more on one side of theline of travel of the clay column than on the other, to provide for themounting and operation of the plunger 29 and further support istherefore required. 01 said table 22.

